ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Surface-Engineered ZnO Nanoparticles via Acetone Immersion for Charge-Balanced High Resolution Full-Color Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
In solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), carrier injection imbalance and interfacial quenching persist as major hurdles, primarily due to the hole-dominated transport in polymer-based emitters. Here, we introduce a simple but highly effective post-fabrication strategy for enhancing charge balance and device performance by chemically modifying ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) through acetone immersion. This treatment selectively passivates oxygen vacancy-related trap states at the ZnO NPs surface, resulting in improved electron injection and restored hole-blocking behavior, without disrupting the device structure or layer interfaces. Comprehensive analyses, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and transient electroluminescence (EL) measurements, confirm the defect passivation mechanism and its impact on charge injection dynamics. Acetone-treated OLEDs exhibit reduced turn-on voltage, significantly higher luminance (exceeding 44 000 cd/m
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