Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41944315›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Millimeter-Scale Dual-Opposing RNA-Gradient Hydrogel for Interfacial Gene Silencing.

Tyler Hoffman, Cong Truc Huynh, Marcus J Goudie, Peyton J Tebon, Hyojin Ko, Minh Khanh Nguyen, Kaelyn L Gasvoda, Yang Song, Kirsten Fetah, Ali Khademhosseini and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tyler HoffmanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Cong Truc HuynhDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-2471
Marcus J GoudieDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Peyton J TebonDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Hyojin KoDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Minh Khanh NguyenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Kaelyn L GasvodaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Yang SongDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Kirsten FetahDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ali KhademhosseiniDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Song LiDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Eben AlsbergDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-4625

Funding

Vascular Biology Training GrantT32HL069766 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LUSIS, ALDONS JAKE · 2002 to 2022
$7.4M
Opposing RNAi Molecule Gradient Constructs to Repair Osteochondral DefectsR01AR069564 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI ALSBERG, EBEN · 2016 to 2021
$1.8M
Regulation of cell reprogramming by matrix stiffnessR01GM143485 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LI, SONG · 2021 to 2024
$1.3M
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL069766NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR069564NIAMS NIH HHS R01AR069564NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM143485
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tissue interface restoration poses significant challenges in tissue engineering, particularly in areas requiring gradients of cellularity, biochemical composition, and mechanical properties essential for tissue-specific functions. Recent advancements in microfluidic technology have enabled the creation of hydrogels with spatially defined gradients of biological molecules for engineering gradient tissues that mimic the natural heterogeneity of the native extracellular matrix. However, these gradients are typically outside relevant millimeter length scales for biological interfaces. To address these challenges, a branched microfluidic system capable of generating millimeter-scale hydrogels with dual-opposing gradients of RNAi molecules nanocomplexed with thiolated polyethyleneimine is demonstrated. These nanocomplexes are incorporated into photocrosslinkable poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA) monomer solutions, which are then injected and mixed within a PDMS microfluidic chip featuring a branched channel network. The process results in stable, linear, 3-mm dual-opposing RNA gradients within the hydrogel, which is subsequently photocrosslinked. The generated hydrogels demonstrate precise spatial regulation of gene expression within encapsulated cells, as confirmed by fluorescence analysis. This platform holds significant potential for engineering complex tissue constructs and enabling the targeted delivery of RNAi molecules, influencing both encapsulated and endogenous cells. This advancement could play a crucial role in the regeneration of critical tissue interfaces such as tendon-to-bone and cartilage-to-bone.

Indexed as

Gene SilencingHydrogelsMicrofluidicsRNATissue EngineeringAnimalsHumansPolyethylene GlycolsHydrogelsPolyethylene GlycolsRNAbiofabricationgene silencinggradient hydrogelspatterningRNAitissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID41944315
PMCPMC13205676

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.