Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41944055›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes2026

Association Between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Metabolic Diseases: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China.

Minghan Zhang, Junru Fan, Qiuyu Cao, Ruizhi Zheng, Yu Xu, Min Xu, Feixia Shen, Xuejiang Gu, Yiming Mu, Lulu Chen and 31 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Minghan ZhangDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Junru FanDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qiuyu CaoDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ruizhi ZhengDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2068-7597
Yu XuDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Min XuDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Feixia ShenThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Xuejiang GuThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-7627
Yiming MuChinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-3540
Lulu ChenUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-9231
Tianshu ZengUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-7151
Lixin ShiAffiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China.
Qing SuXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xuefeng YuTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-9321
Li YanSun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-8644
Guijun QinThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-7534
Qin WanThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Gang ChenFujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-2384
Xulei TangThe First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-450X
Zhengnan GaoCentral Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
Ruying HuZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Zuojie LuoThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-8329
Yingfen QinThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Li ChenQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-8062
Xinguo HouQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Yanan HuoJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Qiang LiThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Guixia WangThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-616X
Yinfei ZhangCentral Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China.
Chao LiuJiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Youmin WangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Shengli WuKaramay Municipal People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China.
Tao YangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-3622
Huacong DengThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jiajun ZhaoShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3267-9292
Guang NingDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jieli LuDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Weiqing WangDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yufang BiDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yuhong ChenDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
4C Study Group

Funding

Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 20214Y0002Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 20224Y0087Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in ShanghaiMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2023YFC2506704National Natural Science Foundation of China 82088102National Natural Science Foundation of China 82200998National Natural Science Foundation of China 82370810National Natural Science Foundation of China 82372347National Natural Science Foundation of China 91857205Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508401Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508402Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508901Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508902Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai 22Y31900300Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai 23JS1400900Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai 23Y11908400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic diseases remain a fast-growing global health burden. Besides other known factors, socioeconomic status (SES) has been recognized as a key determinant of metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and the prevalence of metabolic diseases in the Chinese population.

methodsWe analyzed data from a nationwide community-based cross-sectional study in China. SES was derived to a composite score (range 0-3) using three indicators (educational attainment, living conditions, and marital status), with higher scores indicating better SES. Chronic diseases were diagnosed through biochemical testing and clinical assessments. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate associations between SES scores and metabolic diseases.

resultsAmong 201 532 participants, the lowest SES group had 87.1% higher odds of metabolic diseases than the highest SES group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.871, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.739, 2.016). One-point decrease in SES score was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension (OR = 1.096, 95% CI: 1.080, 1.113) and obesity (OR = 1.112, 95% CI: 1.091, 1.134). In contrast, lower SES scores were linked to a reduced prevalence of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.931, 95% CI: 0.918, 0.945) and diabetes (OR = 0.974, 95% CI: 0.958, 0.990) after adjusting for covariates. We also observed that lower SES scores showed stronger associations with increased prevalence of obesity and hypertension in women but decreased risks of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity in men.

conclusionsLower SES was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity but a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes, with significant gender differences.

Indexed as

HypertensionMetabolic DiseasesObesitySocial ClassAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDyslipidemiasFemaleHumansLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk Factorsmetabolic diseasesprevalencesocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID41944055
PMCPMC13054516

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