Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41943800›Full record

ReviewJAMIA open2026

Pragmatic approaches for studying workflow in health informatics.

Mustafa Ozkaynak, Saira Haque, Kim M Unertl, Craig Kuziemsky

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in JAMIA open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mustafa OzkaynakCollege of Nursing, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-5125
Saira HaquePfizer, Inc, New York, NY, 10001, United States.
Kim M UnertlDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-3677
Craig KuziemskyMacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-5372

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To develop recommendations to inform the development and use of pragmatic workflow approaches. Problem Description: Workflow analysis in research is rigorous but also resource-intensive, requiring extensive expertise, labor, and time. However, workflow analysis is needed in clinics during technology implementation or evaluation over time in which such labor and time are not necessarily readily available. Pragmatic workflow approaches are required to enable individuals and organizations to conduct workflow analysis as needed in a timely and efficient way. Results: We adapted five principles to guide pragmatic workflow studies: relevance, actionability, comprehensibility, ethical reasoning, and iterative assessment. We also detailed a six-step guideline. Discussion and Conclusion: Pragmatic workflow approaches use fewer resources by appropriately trading off rigor to create empirically relevant workflow analysis and recommendations. However, managing this trade-off can be challenging. We can learn from case studies that apply these approaches to determine strategies for future modifications.

Indexed as

HIT implementationlearning health systemspragmatic workflow analysis

Identifiers

PMID41943800
PMCPMC13050531

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.