Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41943492›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Glial pathology networks reveal early olfactory vulnerability in post mortem human Alzheimer's disease.

Da Hae Jung, Eunji Park, Hyeon Chang Ju, Cheil Moon, Ali Jahanshahi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Da Hae JungDepartment of Brain Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Eunji ParkDepartment of Brain Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Hyeon Chang JuDepartment of Brain Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Cheil MoonDepartment of Brain Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Ali JahanshahiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Funding

Ministry of Education RS-2020-NR049577Ministry of Science and ICT RS-2023-00278057
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe olfactory system is an early target in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet regional glial pathology interactions remain poorly defined. We examined how glial activation and pathological burden differ between the olfactory cortex (OC) and olfactory bulb (OB) across disease stages.

methodsPost mortem OC and OB samples from cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment, and AD cases were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence for amyloid beta (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (pTau), Iba1 (microglia), GFAP (astrocyte), and apolipoprotein E (apoE).

resultsBoth regions showed stage-dependent increases in Aβ and pTau, with regionally distinct glial responses. ApoE signal varied with clinical stage rather than genotype. Co-expression analyses revealed astrocyte-linked networks in the OC and microglia-linked relationships in the OB. DISCUSSION: Findings demonstrate spatially heterogenous glial pathology architectures in the human olfactory system, supporting its role as an early and regionally diverse site of AD vulnerability.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseNeurogliaOlfactory BulbOlfactory CortexAgedAged, 80 and overAmyloid beta-PeptidesApolipoproteins EAstrocytesCalcium-Binding ProteinsCognitive DysfunctionFemaleGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHumansMaleMicrofilament ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesApolipoproteins ECalcium-Binding ProteinsGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinMicrofilament Proteinstau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseastrocytesmicrogliaolfactory bulbolfactory cortexprotein aggregation

Identifiers

PMID41943492
PMCPMC13053933

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.