ArticleArthritis research & therapy2026
IL-2: a promising topical treatment for Sjögren's disease-related dry eye disease.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common features of Sjögren’s Disease (SjD) and lacks effective disease-modifying topical treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that low-dose interleukin-2 (Ld-IL-2) exerts therapeutic effects in several autoimmune diseases by expanding regulatory T cells (Tregs) and restoring immune homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ld-IL-2 in SjD-related DED.
methodsWe administered recombinant murine IL-2 (rMuIL-2) to the ocular surface of NOD/ShiLtJGpt mice. The function of the lacrimal gland was estimated using the tear volume. Histological analysis was performed to assess corneal integrity and detect lymphocyte infiltration in the lacrimal gland. The levels of cytokines were estimated by RT-qPCR in the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) and by ELISA in serum.
resultsLd-IL-2 treatment increased tear secretion by more than 50% compared with PBS controls (P = 0.0151), showing efficacy comparable to cyclosporine. Lacrimal gland inflammation was reduced, accompanied by a more than 5-fold increase in interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.0147) and significant suppression of interleukin (IL)-1β (P = 0.0011) and TNF(tumor necrosis factor)-α (P = 0.0416). Corneal epithelial thickness decreased significantly (P = 0.0136), with concomitant increases in IL-10 and approximately 30% reductions in IL-1β and TNF-α expression (all P < 0.05). Serum IL-17 levels showed a decreasing trend.
conclusionLd-IL-2 alleviated inflammation within the lacrimal functional unit and improved both lacrimal gland function and corneal epithelial integrity. These findings suggest that topical Ld-IL-2 may represent a potential immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy for SjD-related dry eye disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.