ArticleBMC public health2026
The nationwide prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors in the general adult population in Malaysia.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAnaemia is a common blood disorder of global public health importance. However, the up-to-date prevalence of anaemia in Malaysia remains unknown. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of anaemia and the factors associated with the condition in the country’s general adult population.
methodsA secondary analysis of a nationally representative dataset from a 2023 community-based prevalence study was conducted. Complete blood counts from venous blood samples were also collected. Anaemia was defined as low haemoglobin below 120 g/L in non-pregnant women and 130 g/L in men. Complex sample analyses were carried out.
resultsThere were 1,030 eligible participants. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 15.0% (95% CI: 12.1–18.4), affecting an estimated 3.6 million people in Malaysia. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe anaemia was 9.9%, 4.5%, and 0.6%, respectively, whereas 8.1%, 6.6%, and 0.3% had microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anaemia. Women (aOR: 5.83; 95% CI: 3.21–10.57) and people with diabetes (aOR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.31–3.55) were more likely to have anaemia. In contrast, the top 20% household income category (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11–0.67) was less likely to have the condition compared to the bottom 40% household income category.
conclusionAnaemia is a mild public health problem in Malaysia according to the WHO classification. Public health policymakers, technical programme managers, and physicians can target higher-risk populations to improve the implementation of measures to manage the anaemia epidemic in Malaysia.
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