Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41942951›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Association between frailty and chronic lung diseases in middle aged and older population.

Dezheng Zhou, Xinyi Hu, Jinbo Li, Sisi Cai, Yujia Shang, Zhenglong Chai, Xinyue Ji, Jianping Liu, Xiaohong Zhang, Kaiwang Cui and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Dezheng Zhou *School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
Xinyi Hu *School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
Jinbo LiDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
Sisi CaiSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
Yujia ShangSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
Zhenglong ChaiSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
Xinyue JiSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
Jianping LiuDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
Xiaohong ZhangSchool of Public Health, Health Science Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China. zhangxiaohong1@nbu.edu.cn.
Kaiwang CuiDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China. cuikaiwang123@163.com.
Xiangwen GongDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ganzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China. gzwyhys@126.com.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82273621, 82103819the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation 2023J162
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have linked frailty in older adults to poor health outcomes, particularly chronic lung disease (CLD). However, this study innovatively concentrated on changes over time rather than solely on the initial frailty status, aiming to investigate the relationship between initial frailty status, its progression, and the incidence of CLD.

methodsUsing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), frailty was assessed with the Rockwood frailty index. Among 6,943 participants, 4,624 (66.6%) were robust, 2,140 (30.8%) prefrail, and 179 (2.6%) frail. Changes in frailty status were evaluated over a two-year follow-up, with CLD identified through self-reported physician diagnoses. Cox proportional hazards models calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for confounders.

resultsRobust individuals who progressed to pre-frail or frail status had a higher risk of CLD (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.27–1.93). Conversely, frail participants who improved to robust or pre-frail status showed a lower risk (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.37–1.61). Additionally, pre-frail participants who regained robust status had reduced CLD risk (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44–0.80).

conclusionsFrailty progression increases CLD risk, while recovery decreases it, underscoring the importance of frailty screening in clinical practice for preventing and managing CLD in the ageing population.

Indexed as

Frail ElderlyFrailtyLung DiseasesAgedChinaChronic DiseaseDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCHARLSChronic lung diseaseEpidemiologyFrailtyOlder adults

Identifiers

PMID41942951
PMCPMC13192071

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.