Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41942774›Full record

ReviewNature materials2026

Two-dimensional materials for integrated sensing.

Hangyu Xu, Zhihao Xu, Qinqi Ren, Yuan Meng, Sangmoon Han, Zhaoqing Wang, Yang Chai, Sang-Hoon Bae, Weida Hu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hangyu Xu *State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-161X
Zhihao Xu *Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-8069
Qinqi Ren *Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-6353
Yuan Meng *Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-5610
Sangmoon HanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-2050
Zhaoqing WangDepartment of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Yang ChaiDepartment of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. ychai@polyu.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-0861
Sang-Hoon BaeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. sbae22@wustl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-7635
Weida HuState Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. wdhu@mail.sitp.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-8969

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62361136587, 62327812, T2521003National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62504231National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2024-00408989
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advances in electrical multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations leveraging resistive-switching materials have catalysed significant progress in optoelectronic sensing and computing technologies through the exploration of emerging materials. These innovative approaches facilitate the encoding of optical amplitude information such as retina-like functionalities. However, a critical dimensional mismatch persists between electrical and optical information, resulting in a substantial portion of high-dimensional data channels remaining unexplored in conventional MAC operation schemes. Combined with advanced device architectures and data algorithms, two-dimensional materials are considered promising candidates to realize in situ encoding and optoelectronic sensing of multi-dimensional optical information under precise control owing to their tunable physical properties. In this Review, we outline the progress of emerging two-dimensional-materials-based 'integrated sensors', and benchmark electrical inputs with optical scenarios in a framework unifying information encoding. Exciting opportunities for integrated sensors are discussed as well, highlighting the requirements and differences in the encoding of different dimensions of information and exploring the potential for integrated sensors in other fields.

Identifiers

PMID41942774

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.