Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41942434›Full record

ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2026

Temporal dynamics of cognitive functioning in people with Parkinson's disease.

Daniel Scharfenberg, Elke Kalbe, Anja Ophey, Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer, Daniela Berg, Rüdiger Hilker-Roggendorf, Jan Kassubek, Inga Liepelt-Scarfone, Brit Mollenhauer, Kathrin Reetz and 8 more

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In one paragraph

Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Daniel ScharfenbergMedical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. daniel.scharfenberg@uk-koeln.de.
Elke KalbeMedical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. elke.kalbe@uk-koeln.de.
Anja OpheyMedical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Monika Balzer-GeldsetzerEthikkommission, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Daniela BergDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts-University (CAU), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Rüdiger Hilker-RoggendorfDepartment of Neurology, Klinikum Vest, Recklinghausen, Germany.
Jan KassubekDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Inga Liepelt-ScarfoneDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.
Brit MollenhauerDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Kathrin ReetzDepartment of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Oliver RiedelDepartment Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
Sandra RoeskeGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
Jörg B SchulzDepartment of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Alexander StorchDepartment of Neurology, University of Rostock and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany.
Claudia TrenkwalderDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Karsten WittDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Richard DodelDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Marie K DesernoClinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 01GI1008CNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek VI.Veni.221G.017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive domains are central to diagnosing cognitive impairment in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), yet are defined by expert consensus and cross-sectional data that assume temporal stability. This study examined whether cognitive domains remain stable or reorganize dynamically over time in PwPD. Using dynamic exploratory graph analysis, we analyzed 19 cognitive test scores from 355 PwPD across four yearly assessments (24,372 data points) from the DEMPARK/LANDSCAPE-study to identify dynamic organization of cognitive dimensions. Panel graphical vector autoregression models assessed dynamic couplings among dimensions. Five dynamic cognitive dimensions emerged, diverging substantially from theoretical domains and cross-sectional dimensions at baseline. Dynamic coupling revealed a temporal separation between card-sorting/cognitive flexibility and visuoconstruction. Cognitive domains in PwPD reorganize over time rather than remaining stable, challenging the static assumption of diagnostic criteria. Using PD as an exemplar, findings demonstrate the need for dynamic frameworks potentially revealing condition-specific temporal architectures when applied to other neurodegenerative disorders.

Identifiers

PMID41942434
PMCPMC13057304

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.