Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41941619›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

The case for contextually grounded executive function measurement.

Mateus M Mazzaferro, Jelena Obradović, Sabine Doebel, Sharon Wolf, Yuko Munakata, Lisa B Thorell, Michael Willoughby, Steven J Howard

Abstract readLetter
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Reply to Mazzaferro et al. and Niebaum: The limits of alignment: Grounding executive functions without assuming special contexts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mateus M MazzaferroGraduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.ORCID 0009-0005-5316-4353
Jelena ObradovićGraduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Sabine DoebelDepartment of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030.ORCID 0000-0002-1851-7011
Sharon WolfGraduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.ORCID 0000-0002-8076-8399
Yuko MunakataDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616.ORCID 0000-0001-8192-5379
Lisa B ThorellDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden.
Michael WilloughbyRTI International, Durham, NC 27713.
Steven J HowardDepartment of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PY, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID41941619
PMCPMC13079397

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.