ArticlePLoS pathogens2026
Dynamics of the microbiota in patients with Clostridioides difficile: Recurrence, treatment, sex, and immunosuppression.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbiome-based therapeutics forGut microbes · 2026Review
- Association betweenmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlterations in the gut microbiome are central to the pathogenesis and recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).
objectiveTo evaluate intestinal microbiome changes during CDI and their association with recurrence, sex, age, and immunosuppression.
methodsPatients from the CDI-ANCRAID-SEICV cohort were consecutively enrolled. Stool samples were obtained at diagnosis (Dx), end of treatment (ET), and eight weeks post-treatment (8W) or upon recurrence. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing using QIIME2 and R. Outcomes were compared by demographics, immunosuppression, and treatment (vancomycin [VNC], vancomycin-bezlotuzumab [VNC-BZL], fidaxomicin [FDX]).
resultsAmong 143 patients, non-recurrent cases showed higher biodiversity at 8W versus diagnosis (H p = 0.002, ASVs p < 0.001), unlike recurrent cases. Diversity decreased with VNC (H p > 0.001, ASVs p < 0.001) but was preserved with FDX (H p = 0.15). Recovery of Shannon diversity was limited in women (p = 0.50) and immunocompromised patients (p = 0.31). At ET, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota were less abundant in recurrent than non-recurrent cases (0.77%, 0.53% vs 3.43%, 3.50%). FDX-treated samples showed higher Bacteroidetes (31.33%) compared to VNC (5.23%) or VNC-BZL (3.12%). Women exhibited increased Firmicutes abundance (p = 0.034).
conclusionsRestoration of microbial diversity correlates with CDI resolution. FDX preserves gut microbiota better than VNC or VNC-BZL. Women and immunocompromised patients demonstrate impaired microbiota recovery.
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