ArticleClinical rheumatology2026
Mycophenolate mofetil associates with COVID-19 hospitalization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based study from China.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION/
objectivesTo evaluate the impact of BA.5.2/BF.7 infections on the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify associated risk factors.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January 6 to February 19, 2023. The study population included SLE patients and healthy controls infected with the BA.5.2/BF.7 variants. Odds ratios (ORs), risk differences (RDs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effects of infection on SLE severity and to explore related risk factors.
resultsA total of 1,013 SLE patients and 2,125 healthy controls who were infected with BA.5.3/BF.7 were enrolled in the study. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccination status, SLE was significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.06 to 12.27, p < 0.001). Among SLE patients, COVID-19 infection was associated with an increased risk of rash (risk difference [RD] 4.0%, 95% CI 1.5 to 6.6; p = 0.002), alopecia (RD 4.2%, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.6; p = 0.016), and mucosal ulcers (RD 3.3%, 95% CI 0.8 to 5.7; p = 0.012). Among SLE patients, the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.74; p = 0.033).
conclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of a nuanced approach in managing SLE patients with COVID-19. Key Points • The COVID-19 pandemic spread widely across China. However, the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) medications on COVID-19-related hospitalization remains unclear. • Our study found that treatment with mycophenolate mofetil in SLE patients was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for COVID-19. • These findings should alert policymakers and clinicians to the need for a more nuanced and cautious approach when managing SLE patients infected with the Omicron BA.5.2 or BF.7 subvariants.
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