ArticleaBIOTECH2026
High levels of ADAR overexpression induce abundant and stochastic off-target RNA editing in rice protoplasts.
Article in aBIOTECH, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) mediates adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) conversions, with its deaminase domain (ADARdd) acting as a core component of targeted RNA editing. However, the off-target effects of ADARdd remain poorly characterized in plants. Here, we demonstrate that high-level overexpression of ADARdd induces widespread off-target editing in rice protoplasts, an effect not observed in stable transgenic lines. From six biological replicates of ADARdd-overexpressing protoplasts, we identified 2794 off-target editing sites (OFTEs). These OFTEs exhibited stochastic distribution across mRNAs and low editing efficiency (20-40 %), contrasting sharply with the high-confidence editing sites in OsDRB1-ADARdd stable lines. We further identify risky endogenous promoters and establish an empirical expression threshold for ADARdd to minimize off-target editing. Our findings highlight that controlled ADARdd expression is essential for reliable RNA editing in plants, providing valuable guidance for enhancing the precision of plant RNA editing experiments.
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