Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41940005›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Serum Biomarkers of Macrophage Activation and Incident CKD in People With and Without HIV: Findings From the MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

Molly C Fisher, David B Hanna, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Anjali Sharma, Michelle M Estrella, Todd T Brown, Michelle Floris-Moore, Frank J Palella, Jordan E Lake and 11 more

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Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Molly C FisherDivision of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NewYork, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-361X
David B HannaDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NewYork, USA.
Donald R HooverDepartment of Statistics and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Qiuhu ShiDepartment of Public Health, NewYork Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Anjali SharmaDivisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NewYork, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-025X
Michelle M EstrellaDivision of Nephrology, University of California, SanFrancisco and San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.
Todd T BrownDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-278X
Michelle Floris-MooreDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Frank J PalellaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2277-6841
Jordan E LakeDivision of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-5514
Seble G KassayeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Susan L KoletarDivision of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Eric C SeabergDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Joseph B MargolickDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-8851
Igho OfotokunDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2735-1903
Aubri HickmanDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Michael AugenbraunDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NewYork, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-2850
Margaret FischlDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Alan L LandayDepartment of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Robert C KaplanDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NewYork, USA.
Michael J RossDivision of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NewYork, USA.

Funding

UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Virology CoreP30AI027767 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI OLAF KUTSCH · 1988 to 2026
$84.1M
Engaging University of California Stakeholders for Biorespository ResearchUL1TR000004 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GRANDIS, JENNIFER RUBIN · 2012 to 2015
$78.0M
Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Virology and Molecular Biomarkers CoreP30AI050409 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Carlos del Rio · 2002 to 2026
$74.0M
Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard E. Chaisson · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
QAQC Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR003098 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2019 to 2023
$57.7M
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Risk Factors, Early Detection and Personalized InterventionUL1TR001409 · NCATS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI GONDRE-LEWIS, MARJORIE C, MELLMAN, THOMAS A · 2015 to 2024
$37.8M
SF Bay Area MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort StudyU01HL146242 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Bradley E Aouizerat, Jennifer Cohen Price · 2019 to 2026
$36.3M
Sex differences in the role of multi-omicsin HIV-associated carotid artery atherosclerosisU01HL146193 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Stephen J Gange, Elizabeth Topper · 2019 to 2026
$35.8M
University of Miami Developmental Center for AIDS Research (D-CFAR)P30AI073961 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI ALLAN E RODRIGUEZ · 2007 to 2026
$33.8M
Clinical Research Sites for the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MACS/WIHS-CCS) - Baltimore/Wash DC Center - Admin Supplement: Vision and dual sensory loss in HIV-infected older adultsU01HL146201 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TODD T BROWN, Joseph B. Margolick · 2019 to 2026
$33.7M
NCATS NIH HHS K12 TR004411NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001432NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001431NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000004NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148094NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146192NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146193NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146194NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146201NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146202NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146203NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146204NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146205NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146208NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146240NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146241NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146242NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146245NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146333NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027767NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050409NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI073961NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI124414NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK141365NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH116867
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Macrophages play an important role in kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Circulating biomarkers of macrophage activation are elevated in people with HIV (PWH). We therefore determined their associations with kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in people with and without HIV. Methods: We analyzed data from 2 prospective cohorts: the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Serum concentrations of soluble (s)CD14, sCD163, galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Gal-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) were measured between 2004 and 2006. We examined each biomarker's association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using multivariable linear regression and with incident CKD (2 consecutive eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m Results: Among 1284 participants, 61% were women, 70% were PWH, of whom 59% were virally suppressed (HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL); median eGFR was 93 mL/min/1.73 m Conclusions: Macrophage activation may mark and/or contribute to CKD development. Studies are needed to determine whether targeting immune activation improves kidney health in PWH.

Indexed as

biomarkersHIVinflammationkidney diseasemacrophages

Identifiers

PMID41940005
PMCPMC13048904

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.