Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41939982›Full record

ArticleChild development perspectives2026

Circadian rhythms of arousal in parent-child interaction: a 24-hour co-regulation process.

Chase J Boyer, Leah C Hibel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child development perspectives, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Chase J BoyerDepartment of Human Ecology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
Leah C HibelDepartment of Human Ecology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caregivers play a critical role in regulating infants' arousal and synchronizing biological rhythms with environmental cycles. In this article, we examine how caregiving behaviors shape the development of circadian rhythms in early childhood, focusing on the integration of sleep-wake cycles and the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We propose a framework that is grounded in dynamic systems theory and transactional models, and that highlights the bidirectional interactions between caregivers and infants in establishing a cohesive 24-hour regulatory system. We also explore the cascading effects of disruptions in sleep and stress regulation, emphasizing how responsive caregiving supports adaptive outcomes while inconsistent caregiving may lead to dysregulation.

Indexed as

caregivingcircadian rhythmsdynamic systems theorysleep–wake cyclestransactional models

Identifiers

PMID41939982
PMCPMC13046071

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.