Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41939898›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

A multi-epitope approach for development of a universal vaccine against leptospirosis.

Mohd Abdullah, Mohammad Kadivella, Pallavi Vyas, Jusail C P, Bothammal Palanisamy, Sarwar Azam, Syed M Faisal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mohd AbdullahLaboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Mohammad KadivellaLaboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Pallavi VyasLaboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Jusail C PLaboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Bothammal PalanisamyLaboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Sarwar AzamLaboratory of Genomics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Syed M FaisalLaboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Materials: To address this challenge, we employed comparative pan-genomic analysis and reverse vaccinology to identify conserved potential vaccine candidates (PVCs) and designed a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) incorporating highly immunogenic B- and T-cell epitopes. Unlike previous studies largely limited to computational prediction or a small number of known antigens, our strategy integrates soft-core genome-wide antigen prioritization with structural validation and experimental evaluation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Selected epitopes were linked with appropriate spacers and fused to a TLR4 agonist (APPHALS) at the N-terminus to enhance immune activation. Results and discussion:

Indexed as

Bacterial VaccinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteLeptospiraLeptospirosisAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, BacterialFemaleHumansMiceProtein Subunit VaccinesReverse VaccinologyVaccine DevelopmentAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, BacterialBacterial VaccinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteProtein Subunit VaccinesLeptospiraleptospirosismulti-epitope-vaccinenext generation vaccinereverse vaccinology

Identifiers

PMID41939898
PMCPMC13046716

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.