SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Qualitative evaluation of pharmacological strategy for connective tissue diseases with Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the pharmacological management of Guillain-Barré syndrome occurring in the context of connective tissue diseases (CTD-GBS) and to investigate the relative efficacy of different treatment regimens on neurological outcomes. Methods: Case reports and series regarding CTD-GBS were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was utilized to assess independent associations between treatment regimens and neurological improvement, adjusting for key covariates including mechanical ventilation (as a baseline severity marker) and the year of publication. Results: A total of 105 CTD-GBS patients were identified, with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) being the most prevalent subtype (n=73). Multivariable GLMM analysis suggested that, compared to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy, intensive combination regimens specifically glucocorticoids combined immunosuppressants (GC + IS) demonstrated a potential association with higher odds of clinical improvement (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 30.90; 95% CI: 6.58-145.00; p < 0.001). Mechanical ventilation was identified as an independent negative predictor of recovery (aOR = 0.43; p = 0.037), while the year of publication did not significantly influence outcomes (p = 0.344). Descriptive analysis within the SLE-GBS subgroup corroborated these trends, with the GC + IS regimen achieving a clinical improvement rate of 88.9%. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests that intensive immunosuppressive combination therapy, notably GC + IS, may offer advantages over traditional IVIG monotherapy in improving short-term neurological outcomes for CTD-GBS patients. However, given the reliance on retrospective case-based evidence and the potential for confounding by indication, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating clinical clues rather than definitive guidelines. Future large-scale, prospective studies utilizing standardized functional assessment scales are urgently required to validate these preliminary observations.
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