Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41939886›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

FLASH radiotherapy and immunotherapy synergy: mechanisms, strategies, and clinical translation prospects.

Qianyi Liu, Xianhu Zeng, Yongze He, Linsen Zhou, Ying Tang, Shuotong Liu, Xiaobin Wang, Shiyan Shen, Jialin Ji, Zhen Liu and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qianyi Liu *West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xianhu Zeng *Department of Radiotherapy Physics & Technology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yongze HeWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Linsen ZhouWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Ying TangWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Shuotong LiuWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xiaobin WangWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Shiyan ShenWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jialin JiWest China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhen LiuDepartment of Radiotherapy Physics & Technology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jiangping LiDivision of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), characterized by ultra-high dose rate irradiation (≥40 Gy/s), has generated substantial interest in radiation oncology due to its reported capacity to preserve normal tissues while maintaining tumor control-a phenomenon termed the "FLASH effect." This review synthesizes current advances in FLASH-RT, emphasizing its core biological mechanisms, including radiolytic oxygen depletion, free radical recombination, immune modulation, DNA integrity preservation, and vascular normalization. Furthermore, we explore the synergistic potential of FLASH-RT combined with immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), CAR-T cells, and cancer vaccines. Preclinical evidence indicates that FLASH-RT reduces lymphodepletion, enhances CD8

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyNeoplasmsRadiotherapyAnimalsCancer VaccinesCombined Modality TherapyHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsTranslational Research, BiomedicalTumor MicroenvironmentCancer VaccinesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscancer immunologyFLASH-RTimmunotherapy synergyradio-immunomodulationtumor immune microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41939886
PMCPMC13044026

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.