ArticleTobacco induced diseases2026
Correlation between the color stability and contact profilometry results of different CAD/CAM ceramic materials after staining with black shammah and DZRT smokeless tobacco.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThis
methodsA total of 100 specimens of VITABLOCS Mark II, Ceramill Zolid Multilayer PS, VITA Triluxe Forte, IPS e.max CAD, and VITA Suprinity were divided into two ST exposure subgroups, the black shammah and DZRT snuff groups. Samples underwent daily tobacco staining, thermocycling (5-55°C), and brushing simulation (10000 cycles). Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were measured by using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade
resultsAfter four weeks of immersion in DZRT snuff, IPS e.max CAD showed the highest ΔE** (6.718) among the tested materials, whereas Ceramill Zolid PS and VITABLOCS Mark II exhibited the lowest ΔE** values (0.614-1.075) across ST types and durations. Significant ΔE** differences were observed among ceramics (p<0.05), staining solution types (p<0.001 for IPS e.max CAD at four weeks), and immersion times (p<0.001). Assessments with the VITA classical shade guide showed that shades darkened significantly (p<0.05) after 2-4 weeks (p<0.05), with the prevalence of the A2 shade decreasing from 62% to 42% after exposure to black shammah and from 58% to 50% after immersion in DZRT snuff. Among materials, VITABLOCS Mark II had the lowest Ra (1.61-1.65 μm) and IPS e.max CAD had the highest (2.89-2.92 μm).
conclusionsProlonged exposure to ST induced clinically significant color changes in IPS e.max CAD. Meanwhile, Ceramill Zolid PS and VITABLOCS Mark II demonstrated superior color stability over other materials. Material selection for ST users should prioritize zirconia or feldspathic ceramics to minimize aesthetic compromise.
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