ArticleCureus2026
A Case of Three Synchronous Primary Lung Cancers of Distinct Histologies in a Patient With Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synchronous primary lung cancers are uncommon and present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly when tumors of differing histologies are identified concurrently. Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) is defined as the occurrence of two or more distinct primary malignant tumors within the lungs of a single patient, either synchronously or metachronously. Synchronous MPLC requires careful differentiation from intrapulmonary metastases, as misclassification may significantly alter staging and treatment intent. Triple synchronous MPLC is exceptionally rare and is described primarily in isolated case reports and small case series. This case report describes a 65-year-old woman with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who was found to have three synchronous primary lung cancers, including limited-stage small cell lung cancer and two distinct non-small cell lung cancers, following evaluation of new pulmonary nodules on surveillance imaging. Comprehensive histopathologic evaluation and multidisciplinary decision-making guided curative-intent concurrent chemoradiation, highlighting the importance of thorough diagnostic sampling and individualized treatment planning in complex presentations. The patient completed therapy but died approximately three months after diagnosis from complications related to advanced COPD and lung malignancy, underscoring the competing mortality risks in this population. This case emphasizes that accurate histologic confirmation of each lesion is essential to ensure appropriate staging under the eighth edition of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification system and to distinguish synchronous primaries from metastatic disease. Furthermore, coordinated multidisciplinary collaboration among pulmonology, pathology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology is critical to balance oncologic control with preservation of functional status, particularly in patients with severe baseline pulmonary impairment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.