ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Unravelling prostate cancer risk and protective factors among urology patients in a Tanzanian population.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among men globally. The prevalence is disproportionate among men of African descent and more specifically, in East Africa, where it is characterized by aggressive tumour biology and poor survival outcomes. Despite its high burden, the risk factors underlying its disproportionate prevalence remain understudied in this population. This study investigated lifestyle risk and protective factors among prostate cancer (PCa) patients, including demographic, dietary, lifestyle, and family cancer history, at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This case-control study compared PCa patients with non-PCa controls. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle, diet, and family history were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression identified significant risk and protective factors for PCa from each of these factors. Several statistical approaches were used to rank a Tanzanian urban population's significant risk or protective factors. Results: Ranking of broad classes of factors revealed that diet, lifestyle, sociodemographic, family, and patient history of cancer and other disease factor groups, in order of importance, were associated with PCa in men. However, the single best model explaining the odds of being PCa had intake of red meat, coffee, alcohol, tomato, and marital status as independent variables. Specifically, increased intake of red meat (AOR = 5.248), and alcohol (AOR = 2.189) were associated with a high PCa incidence while increased intake of soya (AOR = 0.248), coffee (AOR = 0.603), tomato (AOR = 0.188), and not being married (AOR = 0.147) were associated with lower incidence of PCa in the Tanzanian urban population. Conclusion: The findings suggest that dietary and lifestyle factors have a significant association with PCa incidence in a Tanzanian population compared to sociodemographic, family cancer history, and exposure to infectious and other lifestyle diseases. We recommend further research, including prospective studies or randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes, to confirm these findings, as they suggest health initiatives for the prevention of PCa among high-risk populations, such as urban male populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.