ArticleNature. Mental health2026
Technological
Article in Nature. Mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Addicted, attached, or just delegating? A scoping review on "problematic artificial intelligence use".Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Emerging realities of artificial intelligence and mental health.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Tool or Companion? Reframing Conversational AI to Prevent Psychological Harm.JMIR mental health · 2026Review
- Speaking to no one: ontological dissonance and the double bind of conversational AI.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026Article
- Large Language Models as a New Tool for Therapists in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Blinded Clinician Rating Pilot Experiment.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Reliability-Aware Cross-Modal Learning Behavior Sensing for Student Cognitive Bias Recognition and Teaching-Oriented Psychological Risk Warning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- A clinically validated framework for auditing AI chatbot behavior in mental health interactions.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Prediction of Treatment Benefit With Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Review
- Characterizing the spiral: potential mechanisms in AI-associated delusions.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2026Review
- Between Help and Harm: An Evaluation Study of Mental Health Crisis Handling by Large Language Models.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence (AI) psychosis: mechanisms, clinical risks and safety considerations in generative AI chatbots.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Characterizing artificial intelligence (AI) psychosis in a large academic medical setting: evidence of the new clinical phenomenon and the vulnerability of those in early phases of psychosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Substance-induced manic psychosis in which delusions were corroborated by a chatbot - case report.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Human 2.0? AI and the Future of Well-Being, Connection, and Personal Growth: A Narrative Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Large Language Model Chatbot Responses to Psychotic Prompts.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- Automated Safety Testing and Reporting Application for Conversational Safety Monitoring of Generative AI Tools for Mental Health: Development and Validation Study.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Digital Media Use and Psychosocial Health among Adolescent Boys and Young Men.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Blocking the Reflection: Milestones and Hurdles for Digital Twins in Mental Health.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Artificial intelligence chatbots have achieved unprecedented adoption, with millions now using these systems for emotional support and companionship in contexts of widespread social isolation and capacity-constrained mental health services. While some users report psychological benefits, concerning edge cases are emerging, including reports of suicide, violence, and delusional thinking linked to emotional relationships with chatbots. To understand these risks we need to consider the interaction between human cognitive-emotional biases and chatbot behavioural tendencies, the latter including companionship-reinforcing behaviours such as sycophancy, role-play and anthropomimesis. Individuals with preexisting mental health conditions may face increased risks of chatbot-induced changes in beliefs and behaviour, particularly where these conditions manifest in altered belief-updating, reality-testing, and social isolation. To address this emerging public health concern, we need coordinated action across clinical practice, AI development, and regulatory frameworks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.