ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026
The global, regional, and national burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition involving recurrent reflux of stomach contents, causing symptoms and complications that impact quality of life. This study aimed to assess the global GERD burden from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data to analyze the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for GERD across 204 countries. We estimated the population-level distributions by age and sex, using age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized YLDs (ASYLDs). The average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence, prevalence, and YLDs was calculated along with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: In 2021, the global ASIR of GERD was 3881.86 per 100 000, reflecting an AAPC increase of 3.80% since 1990. The prevalence also increased, with an AAPC of 3.38%, reaching 9838.60 per 100 000. Global ASYLDs rose to 75.56 per 100 000, showing an AAPC increase of 3.49%. GERD burden varied by region; high-income areas like North America and East Asia saw declines, while Western Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Europe showed increases. India and China had the highest recorded incidences, with 36 567 410 and 20 863 747, respectively. Decomposition analyses revealed that population growth and aging contributed most to the increase in YLDs. Conclusion: The global GERD burden significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, especially in low and middle-income regions. This highlights the urgent need for enhanced public health measures, early diagnosis, and improved healthcare access to manage the growing disease burden and improve patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.