Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41939027›Full record

ArticleMedical science educator2026

Virtual Reality for Developing Patient-facing Communication Skills in a Medical Science Graduate Education Course: A Mixed-Methods Pre-Post Study.

Kyla Gaeul Lee, Maryam Sorkhou, Nicole Harnett, Sobiga Vyravanathan, Theodore J Brown, Evan Tannenbaum, Nairy Khodabakhshian

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical science educator, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kyla Gaeul LeeInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.
Maryam SorkhouInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.
Nicole HarnettInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.
Sobiga VyravanathanInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.
Theodore J BrownInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.
Evan TannenbaumInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.
Nairy KhodabakhshianInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, C. David Naylor Building 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Suite 119, M5S 3H2 Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0586-5655

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Communication skills are essential for patient-centered clinical research, yet traditional teaching methods offer limited opportunities for trainees to strengthen this competency. This study evaluates the impact of virtual reality (VR) modules on enhancing communication skills among graduate research trainees in medical science. A mixed-methods pre-post design was used to triangulate quantitative and qualitative data. Pre- and post-course scores for readiness and knowledge (Winter: Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-025-02604-4.

Indexed as

CommunicationCultural safetyMedical educationPatient-facingVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41939027
PMCPMC13043831

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.