Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41938980›Full record

ArticleAmerican heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice2026

Impact of influenza vaccination on in-hospital outcomes among patients with heart failure and acute respiratory illness.

Aimen Shafiq, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Apurva Popat, Hamza Asif, Mahlika Ahmad, Rehan Ali, Irfa Zaheer, Usama Arshad, Dua Jabeen, Alishba Karim Mandokhail and 6 more

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Article in American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Aimen ShafiqDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Syed Sarmad JavaidDepartment of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States.
Apurva PopatDepartment of Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, WI, United States.
Hamza AsifDivision of infectious diseases, University of Louisville hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
Mahlika AhmadDepartment of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Rehan AliDepartment of Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Irfa ZaheerDepartment of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Usama ArshadDepartment of Medicine, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Dua JabeenDepartment of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Alishba Karim MandokhailDepartment of Medicine, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.
Danaish KumarDepartment of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Saeeda KhanamDepartment of Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
F N U SagarDepartment of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Shariq UsmanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.
Ali HasanNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Raheel AhmedNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Influenza vaccination is recommended to patients with heart failure (HF), who are vulnerable to severe complications from respiratory infections. However, data on its impacts on in-hospital outcomes remain limited. Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (2018 to 2020), including adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and HF, identified using ICD-10 CM Codes(ARI: J09.x-J11.x, J12.x-J18.x, J20.x, J21.x; HF: I50.x, I0981, I110, I130, I132, I97130, I97131, O29121-O29129, Z95811, Z95812). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation use, sepsis, length of stay (LOS) in hospital, and inflation-adjusted total hospital charges. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models assessed associations between influenza vaccination and outcomes, adjusting for demographic, clinical, socioeconomic and hospital-level factors. Results: Among 491,210 hospitalizations for patients with HF and ARI, 28% (137,538) received influenza vaccination. Vaccinated patients with HF had significantly lower odds of in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.32; 95% CI, 0.23-0.46; Conclusion: Influenza vaccination for ARI is linked to lower mortality, fewer complications, and reduced health care costs. These findings support the promotion of inpatient vaccination to improve outcomes and reduce burden in the high-risk population.

Indexed as

Acute respiratory illnessHeart failureInfluenza vaccinationIn-hospital mortality

Identifiers

PMID41938980
PMCPMC13050030

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.