SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026
Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to October 2025 for studies on CRKP infection risk factors. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We computed pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and evaluated heterogeneity using the Results: Seventeen studies (5,303 cases) were included. Prior hospitalization, APACHE II score, and diabetes were not associated with CRKP infection. Significant risk factors included ICU admission (OR = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.82-6.91), cardiovascular disease (OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 3.23-6.30), renal disease (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.74-3.06), multiple invasive procedures (e.g., mechanical ventilation OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 2.46-5.92; urinary catheterization OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 3.33-6.72), and exposure to various antimicrobial classes, notably carbapenems (OR = 6.36, 95% CI: 5.16-7.83), and tetracyclines (OR = 11.79, 95% CI: 7.75-17.93), though the latter's high magnitude may be influenced by the limited number of studies and potential confounding by indication. Subgroup analysis showed the risks from mechanical ventilation and urinary catheterization were significantly higher in developing versus developed countries ( Conclusion: ICU admission, specific comorbidities, invasive procedures, and broad antimicrobial exposure are key risk factors for CRKP infection. Enhanced aseptic techniques in developing countries are crucial to mitigate risk. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD420251242025.
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