Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41938929›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Socioeconomic determinants of shift work employment in Canada and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging and the Hoorn Study.

Dennis B Campbell, Tucker Reed, Romy Slebe, Parminder Raina, Femke Rutters, Divya Joshi, Renée de Mutsert, Jean-Pierre Despres, Joris Hoeks, Denis P Blondin and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Dennis B Campbell *Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Tucker Reed *Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Romy SlebeDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Parminder RainaDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Femke RuttersDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Divya JoshiDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Renée de MutsertDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Jean-Pierre DespresDepartment of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada.
Joris HoeksDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Denis P BlondinCentre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
André CarpentierCentre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Patrick SchrauwenDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
David J T CampbellDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Shift work is known to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases. Although not established within literature, socioeconomic disadvantage may be associated with increased risk of being engaged in these shift work patterns. Aim: To examine whether socioeconomic factors are associated with the likelihood of engaging in shift work. Methods: Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 45-85 years. We created a Social Disadvantage Score composed of points derived from immigration status, language, education and race, ranging from 0 to 6. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between social disadvantage and shift work, while adjusting for relevant covariates. We performed similar analyses using data from the Hoorn Study in the Netherlands-focused on the association between educational attainment and shift work. Results: Of 18,393 adults employed in the CLSA at baseline, 16.6% reported currently working in a shift work scheduled job. Odds of shift work employment increased progressively with Social Disadvantage Score. Individuals with the highest scores (4+) had 3.25 times the odds (95% CI: 2.24-4.72) of being employed in shift work compared to those with a score of 0. Of 709 adults in the Hoorn Study, 11.4% worked in shift work patterns. Lower education was associated with shift work employment (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9). Conclusions: Social disadvantage is strongly associated with shift work in Canada, and in the Netherlands, lower education is associated with shift work.

Indexed as

EmploymentShift Work ScheduleAgedAged, 80 and overCanadaCanadian Longitudinal Study on AgingCross-Sectional StudiesEducational StatusFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsSocioeconomic Disparities in Healthcircadian alignmentCLSAHoorn Studyshift worksocioeconomic disadvantage

Identifiers

PMID41938929
PMCPMC13044002

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.