ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Minimally invasive percutaneous cannulated polyaxial screw and rod fixation thoracolumbar and lumbosacral vertebrae: cadaveric evaluation of accuracy and safety of a fluoroscopic-guided technique, in large breed dogs.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To develop and report the accuracy and safety of a technique for percutaneous pedicle screw-rod fixation of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions using fluoroscopic guidance in dog cadavers, comparing two levels of surgical experience. Study design: Cadaveric methods comparative study. Animals: Cadaveric vertebral columns of dogs ( Methods: Pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scans facilitated in-silico surgical planning. Ideal implant insertion points and trajectory were recorded, and the image was subsequently reconstructed to mimic the appearance of intra-operative fluoroscopy. After surgical preparation from T8 to S2, the study was divided in two parts: part one to evaluate safety and accuracy of percutaneous "end-on" fluoroscopic drill hole position technique (EOFG); and part two to determinate the feasibility of thoracolumbar (T13-L1) and lumbosacral (L7-S1) percutaneous cannulated pedicle screw and rod fixation (PC-PSRF). The procedures were performed by one of two experienced ECVN diplomates, and one ECVN neurology resident (inexperienced in spinal fixation surgery). Following post-operative CT imaging, drill-hole safety was established using a modified Zdichavsky classification and optimal placement was compared between surgeons. Drill-hole accuracy was calculated based on the deviation from planned angle and bone purchase, between the two levels of surgeon experience. Data sets were analysed at both univariable and multivariable levels with logistic regression analysis. Results: No unsafe holes (0/34) were drilled by experienced surgeons, whereas the inexperienced surgeon drilled 4/34 (11.8%) unsafe holes. Optimal drill-hole placement was significantly associated with surgeon experience ( Conclusion: The technique was feasible and allowed for percutaneous fixation of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral segments. Previous experience in open instrumented spinal surgery is beneficial for safe and accurate application. Clinical significance: The PC-PSRF technique using EOFG guidance warrants future clinical studies to investigation a potential role in reducing pain, hospitalisation length, muscle injury and need for surgical revision.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.