ReviewCureus2026
Immune Endotype-Guided Precision Immunotherapy in Sepsis: From Transcriptomics to Bedside Application.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by profound biological heterogeneity and dynamic immune dysregulation. Traditional uniform treatment strategies have failed to account for distinct immune endotypes ranging from hyperinflammation to immunoparalysis. Advances in transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular profiling have enabled the identification of reproducible immune phenotypes with differing prognoses and therapeutic responsiveness. Hyperinflammatory states may benefit from targeted cytokine inhibition, whereas immunosuppressed phenotypes marked by reduced monocyte HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen-DR) expression, lymphopenia, and T-cell exhaustion may require immunostimulatory therapies such as GM-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor), interferon-γ, or interleukin-7. Emerging evidence suggests that aligning immunomodulatory interventions with the patient's prevailing immune profile could improve outcomes and avoid harm associated with non-stratified therapy. This study was conducted as a structured narrative scoping review, with a comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science covering publications from 2010 to 2025, using keywords related to sepsis, immune dysregulation, endotypes, biomarkers, and precision medicine. This review aims to examine the role of immune endotypes in the pathophysiology and clinical heterogeneity of sepsis and to evaluate emerging evidence on biomarker- and transcriptomic-guided precision immunotherapy. Implementation of precision medicine in sepsis depends on standardized endotyping tools, serial immune monitoring, and biomarker-enriched adaptive trial designs. Although logistical and translational barriers remain, immune-guided therapy represents a promising but unproven paradigm that requires rigorous prospective validation through adaptive, biomarker-enriched trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.