ArticleVeterinary world2026
Venous blood gas kinetics and acid-base correction during incremental intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with advanced renal failure.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Acid-base disturbances, particularly metabolic acidosis, are common in dogs with advanced renal failure and contribute substantially to morbidity and prognosis. Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is increasingly used when conventional therapy fails; however, physiological monitoring parameters for incremental intermittent hemodialysis (i-IHD) in dogs remain poorly defined. Venous blood gas (VBG) analysis offers a safer and more practical alternative to arterial sampling, yet its utility during i-IHD has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal changes in VBG and hemato-biochemical parameters before and after consecutive i-IHD sessions in dogs with renal failure. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 45 client-owned dogs with severe azotemia (serum creatinine >5 mg/dL) due to acute kidney injury (AKI) stage IV-V or chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IV were enrolled. All dogs underwent three consecutive i-IHD sessions with stepwise increases in treatment intensity. Venous blood samples were collected immediately before and after each session for VBG analysis, including pH, bicarbonate (HCO Results: Dogs exhibited mild-to-moderate metabolic acidosis before i-IHD. Across all sessions, i-IHD produced a consistent and significant correction of acid-base imbalance, evidenced by normalization of pH and marked increases in HCO Conclusion: I-IHD effectively restores acid-base and biochemical homeostasis in dogs with advanced renal failure. Serial VBG monitoring provides clinically meaningful, session-wise information and represents a practical tool for guiding i-IHD without the risks of arterial sampling.
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