ArticleVeterinary world2026
Nationwide serological, molecular, and spatial assessment of Q fever in dromedary camels (
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a globally distributed zoonosis with major public health and livestock production implications. Dromedary camels ( Materials and Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2022 using a two-stage cluster sampling design. A total of 468 camels from 31 villages across all camel-rearing governorates were sampled. Serum samples were tested for anti- Results: The weighted prevalence of Q fever was 88.75% (95% confidence interval: 79.26%-98.23%) using parallel interpretation of serological and molecular tests. Individually, prevalence was 44.02% by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 68.93% by PCR. Significant risk factors included age ≥3 years, contact with other camel herds, Sofor breed, light or absent tick infestation, and improper disposal of abortion materials. Co-herding with other species and a history of abortion were associated with reduced odds of positivity. Marked spatial heterogeneity was observed, with the highest prevalence in Tafilah governorate and the lowest in Zarqa. Conclusion: This first nationwide, integrated serological, molecular, and spatial study demonstrates an exceptionally high burden of Q fever in Jordanian camels, highlighting their critical role as a reservoir. The findings underscore the urgent need to incorporate camels into national Q fever surveillance and control programs within a coordinated One Health framework involving animal, human, and environmental health sectors.
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