Observational studyFrontiers in public health2025
Effect of humidification intervention combined with cluster nursing on ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients.
Observational study in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Comprehensive Bundled Nursing Care on Psychological Disorders in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Platelet-rich plasma and stem cell therapies for spondylosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Copper-Induced Nephropathy: Clinical Characterization of 36 Cases and Comprehensive Literature Review.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in mechanically ventilated patients, increasing morbidity, mortality, and antibiotic use. Although cluster nursing and humidification methods independently reduce VAP risk, their combined effect has not been rigorously evaluated. Objective: To determine whether combining dual humidification (heated humidifier plus heat-and-moisture exchanger) with a structured cluster nursing bundle reduces VAP incidence in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional observational study, 240 adult ICU patients expected to require ventilation for >48 h were observed under either enhanced care (dual humidification plus cluster nursing) or standard care. The cluster nursing bundle included head-of-bed elevation (30-45°), chlorhexidine oral care every 4 h, daily sedation breaks with weaning assessment, subglottic suctioning, enteral nutrition with prophylaxis, thrombosis prevention, and strict hand hygiene. The primary outcome was VAP incidence defined by CDC/NHSN criteria. Secondary outcomes included ventilator duration, ICU length of stay, antibiotic use, and mortality. Results: Ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence was significantly lower in the enhanced care cohort (10.0%) compared with standard care (30.0%) ( Conclusion: A dual humidification strategy combined with a high-compliance cluster nursing bundle significantly reduced VAP incidence and improved ICU outcomes. This cost-effective approach supports implementation to enhance patient safety and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
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