ArticleIJID regions2026
Epidemiological trends in bacterial resistance in diabetic foot infections across the COVID-19 timeline: a retrospective analysis.
Article in IJID regions, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus and are frequently associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, contributing to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Temporal variations in healthcare delivery and antibiotic use during recent years have raised concerns regarding potential changes in the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of DFIs. Methods: This retrospective epidemiological study analyzed 1748 bacterial isolates recovered from patients with DFIs treated at IRCCS MultiMedica (Milan, Italy) across three distinct periods: pre-COVID (June 2018-December 2019), COVID (January 2020-July 2022), and post-COVID (August 2022-June 2024). Microbiological identification and susceptibility testing were performed according to AMCLI and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. Statistical analyses were conducted using MedCalc software. Results: A progressive reduction in polymicrobial infections was observed, decreasing from 36.7% in the pre-COVID period to 29.1% in the post-COVID period. Methicillin-resistant Conclusions: Over a 6-year observation period, this study documents significant temporal variations in pathogen distribution and AMR patterns among DFIs. While reductions in selected resistance phenotypes were observed, resistance among Enterobacterales displayed heterogeneous and concerning trends. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of AMR in DFIs and support the need for continuous, long-term epidemiological surveillance to inform local antimicrobial management strategies.
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