Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41937956›Full record

ReviewBiomaterial investigations in dentistry2026

Impact of plant fiber reinforcement on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin: a systematic review.

Muhammad Khawaja Hammad Uddin, Nazrah Mehar, Muhammad Ammar Khan, Muhammad Hassan Khoso, Bilquess Saba, Muneeb Ahmed Lone, Ayesha Akram, Syeda Mamoona Mateen, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomaterial investigations in dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad Khawaja Hammad UddinDepartment of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences.
Nazrah MeharDepartment of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences.
Muhammad Ammar KhanDepartment of Oral Biology, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hassan KhosoDepartment of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences.
Bilquess SabaDepartment of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muneeb Ahmed LoneDepartment of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ayesha AkramBahria Medical and Dental College, Bahria University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Syeda Mamoona MateenDr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Kar achi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Amber FareedDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Muhammad Sohail ZafarDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: To improve the clinical outcomes and long-term durability of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture-based resins, they have undergone several developments and changes in their chemical composition to enhance their mechanical properties, including reinforcing them with natural fibers. Aim: This systematic review aimed to explore the influence of plant fiber reinforcement on the mechanical characteristics of PMMA denture resins. Material and methods: For this purpose, the formulated focus question was 'Does incorporating plant fibers in PMMA denture resins improve their mechanical strength?' Using the PRISMA protocol, three electronic databases (Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct) were searched using the specific keywords: (plant fibers, natural fibers, and PMMA denture base resins) between 2014 and 2024. After evaluating the papers against the inclusion criteria, only those that met all requirements were included in the study. Additionally, all articles were screened for quality assessment, with particular attention to potential bias arising from experimental design and methodological reporting. Results: This review included eight experimental laboratory-based studies that met the inclusion criteria. All studies had low risk of bias, except one, which had moderate risk of bias. The evaluation of reinforced resins' flexural strength was a noticeable trend observed in studies, with the maximum weight percentage utilized in the studies being 10 wt%. While flexural strength was primarily assessed by the majority of studies, other mechanical properties - including hardness, impact strength, tensile strength, and compressive strength - were also evaluated. Conclusions: The analysis revealed that the flexural strength and surface hardness of PMMA denture resins were significantly enhanced through the addition of plant fiber reinforcement. However, limited and inconclusive data are present for other mechanical properties (impact, compressive, and tensile strength). Extended experimental studies related to aging and various storage protocols, as well as clinical trials, are essential to determine its clinical relevance and longevity.

Indexed as

biomaterialsdenture base materialsnatural fibersplant fibers

Identifiers

PMID41937956
PMCPMC13044905

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.