Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41937945›Full record

ReviewSpace science reviews2026

Direct Samples of Interstellar and Interplanetary Material with IMAP.

J R Szalay, E Provornikova, E Ayari, M Bzowski, E R Christian, H O Funsten, A Galli, M Gkioulidou, M Horányi, S Livi and 12 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Space science reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

J R SzalayDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2685-9801
E ProvornikovaThe Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 10587 USA.
E AyariUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
M BzowskiSpace Research Centre PAS (CBK PAN), 00-716 Warsaw, Poland.
E R ChristianHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
H O FunstenLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
A GalliSpace Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
M GkioulidouThe Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 10587 USA.
M HorányiUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
S LiviSouthwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA.
D J McComasDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
E MöbiusSpace Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
K OgasawaraSouthwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA.
F RahmanifardSpace Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
J S RankinDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
D B ReisenfeldLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
N A SchwadronDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
Z SternovskyUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
P SwaczynaSpace Research Centre PAS (CBK PAN), 00-716 Warsaw, Poland.
D TurnerThe Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 10587 USA.
G P ZankDepartment of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
E J ZirnsteinDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration (IMAP) mission probes the interaction between our heliosphere and the interstellar medium (ISM) in unprecedented detail. The broad science that IMAP addresses has been organized into three distinct science themes: A) Acceleration and the broader context of the solar wind and space weather; B) Exploring the outer heliosphere through energetic neutral atoms, and C) Sampling of the interstellar and interplanetary material. This paper summarizes the scientific goals of the latter theme and identifies the key scientific opportunities for IMAP available due to its unique ability to directly sample the interstellar and interplanetary material from 1 au. It is organized into three broad scientific questions that directly relate to IMAP's science objectives: 1) What is the state of the pristine upstream LISM and how does it relate to its origins and evolution? 2) How does the VLISM interact with the heliosphere? 3) How does interstellar material, as well as interplanetary dust, affect the near-Sun environment?

Indexed as

IMAPInterstellar dustInterstellar mediumInterstellar neutral atoms

Identifiers

PMID41937945
PMCPMC13046683

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.