Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41937455›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2026

Mental-Health Help-Seeking Among Muslims in the Liverpool City Region: A System-Informed Qualitative Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices.

Ashraf Tannerah, Amy Webster, Shelley O'Connor, Charlie Douglas-Brown, Imran Khan, Oladayo Bifarin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

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2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ashraf TannerahSchool of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0009-0009-5265-9601
Amy WebsterSchool of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0009-0002-0552-9133
Shelley O'ConnorSchool of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2802-3549
Charlie Douglas-BrownSchool of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0009-0005-6971-8357
Imran KhanCentre for Primary Care, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2069-7410
Oladayo BifarinSchool of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8247-2508

Funding

Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust generously provided the funding to support the lead author's time, enabling the successful completion of this work
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMuslims in United Kingdom (UK) minority contexts remain underrepresented in mental health research, despite evidence of unequal access and experience. In deprived and superdiverse settings such as the Liverpool City Region (LCR), culturally unsafe encounters, low service literacy and stigma may combine to delay help-seeking and widen inequities.

aimTo explore knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to mental health among Muslims in the LCR, and to identify actionable system leverage points to improve access, engagement and culturally responsive care.

methodsA qualitative study informed by social constructivism. Purposive sampling recruited Muslim adults (n = 11; age 18-59; 6 women/5 men) from diverse backgrounds (Yemeni, Somali, Egyptian, Algerian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi). Recruitment was community-enabled through mosques and community networks. Semi-structured interviews (in person or MS Teams) were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis with an audit trail, reflexive memoing and team debriefs.

resultsThree interlinked themes were generated: (1) Barriers to access and engagement: stigma and reputational risk, communication difficulties, confidentiality concerns and perceived stereotyping reduced disclosure and trust; (2) Cultural and religious context in mental health: participants endorsed integrating faith-based coping and clinical care, with mosques and imams functioning as trusted entry points but with variable mental health capability; (3) System and service provision challenges: limited knowledge of access routes, crisis visibility of services, perceived Islamophobia, and resource/leadership gaps reinforced late presentation. Findings suggested an accumulating pathway from stigma and low trust to delayed access and crisis-driven contact.

conclusionsInequities reflected system design and relational safety as much as individual knowledge. Co-designed, community-enabled pathways, faith-literate practice, safeguarded referral interfaces with faith leaders, and routine equity monitoring are key mechanisms for improving engagement and outcomes in the LCR and similar UK city regions.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHelp-Seeking BehaviorIslamMental Health ServicesPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdolescentAdultFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSocial StigmaUnited Kingdomcommunity engagementcultural safetyhelp‐seekingmental health inequalitiesmuslim communities

Identifiers

PMID41937455
PMCPMC13052282

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.