ReviewEvolution & development2026
Heterokairic Genes and the Eco-Evo-Devo of Timing.
Review in Evolution & development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Problems With GO Enrichment as an Endpoint for Ecological Omics Interpretation.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Ambient Developmental Temperatures and Maternal Thyroid Supply Promote Early Life Diversification in Salmonids.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2026Article
- How Epitranscriptomic Machinery Senses Environmental Cues.Advanced biology · 2026Review
- Biomonitoring 3.0: Beyond Taxa Lists to Evidence-Tiered Monitoring of Ecosystem Dynamics and Interactions.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Concepts of developmental timing have traditionally been framed under heterochrony as evolved (genetically based) differences in timing, while environmentally induced shifts in timing within genotypes have been treated more loosely. In this article, heterokairy is presented as plasticity in the timing of developmental events, and the term "heterokairic genes" is proposed for environmentally modulated heterochronic genes that underlie this plasticity. Evidence from nematodes, insects, plants, and vertebrates is assembled, with emphasis placed on systems where environmental cues are relayed through endocrine or metabolic pathways to known timing modules/genes. On this basis, a distinction is drawn between validated heterokairic genes, supported by direct mechanistic data, and a broader set of candidates inferred from gene-environment interactions in developmental timing. The eco-evolutionary consequences of such genes are considered, and experimental and genomic strategies for their identification are outlined. It is argued that heterokairic genes provide a useful bridge between environmental variation, developmental mechanisms, and evolutionary change in timing.
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Registered trials
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