Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41936674›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Comprehensive analysis of oncological outcomes of radical cystectomy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Takeshi Sano, Rikiya Taoka, Jun Miki, Ryoichi Saito, Wataru Fukuokaya, Yoshiyuki Matsui, Shingo Hatakeyama, Takashi Kawahara, Ayumu Matsuda, Taketo Kawai and 31 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Takeshi SanoDepartment of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Rikiya TaokaDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe , Kita-gun, Miki-cho, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan. taoka.rikiya@kagawa-u.ac.jp.
Jun MikiDepartment of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Ryoichi SaitoDepartment of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
Wataru FukuokayaDepartment of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshiyuki MatsuiDepartment of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Shingo HatakeyamaDepartment of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
Takashi KawaharaDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Ayumu MatsudaDepartment of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Taketo KawaiDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Minoru KatoDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
Tomokazu SazukaDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Fumihiko UrabeDepartment of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Soki KashimaDepartment of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
Hirohito NaitoDepartment of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoji MurakamiDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Makito MiyakeDepartment of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
Kei DaizumotoDepartment of Urology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Yuto MatsushitaDepartment of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Takuji HayashiDepartment of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
Junichi InokuchiDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Yusuke SuginoDepartment of Nephro-urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
Kenichiro ShigaDepartment of Urology, Harasanshin General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Noriya YamaguchiDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Shingo YamamotoDepartment of Urology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Keiji YasueDepartment of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takashige AbeDepartment of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Shotaro NakanishiDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Ginowan, Japan.
Katsuyoshi HashineDepartment of Urology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan.
Masato FujiiDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
Kiyoaki NishiharaDepartment of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Hiroaki MatsumotoDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
Shuichi TataranoDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Koichiro WadaDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Sho SekitoDepartment of Nephro-urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
Ryo MaruyamaDepartment of Urology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
Naotaka NishiyamaDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Hiroyuki NishiyamaDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Hiroshi KitamuraDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Takashi KobayashiDepartment of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Japan Urological Oncology Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Owing to the rarity of radical cystectomy (RC) for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), information regarding oncological outcomes is limited. The aim was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of risk factors and survival outcomes following RC. This retrospective study included 435 patients who underwent RC for clinically diagnosed NMIBC at multiple institutions in Japan. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 97.4% for cTa, 93.3% for cTis, and 85.4% for cT1, respectively. Among 351 patients with cTa and cT1 disease, multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses identified upstaging to ≥pT2 or pN+ disease as the most impactful risk factor associated with cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio = 6.53; p < 0.001). Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor lymph node dissection (LND) exhibited a survival benefit in terms of CSS in this cohort; however, LND was occasionally indicative of pN+ disease, suggesting potential diagnostic value. The multivariable logistic regression analysis of preoperative variables identified tumour size (≥ 3 cm) as the lone risk factor associated with upstaging (odds ratio = 1.90; p = 0.03). In the sensitivity analyses, tumour size ≥ 3 cm still trended toward an increased upstaging risk, without a statistically significant association. Although the prediction of upstaging remains highly challenging, RC should not be delayed when clinically indicated, even for patients diagnosed with NMIBC, particularly in those with large tumours.

Indexed as

CystectomyNon-Muscle Invasive Bladder NeoplasmsUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansJapanLymph Node ExcisionMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeBladder cancerCancer-specific survivalLymph node dissectionNeoadjuvant chemotherapyNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancerRadical cystectomy

Identifiers

PMID41936674
PMCPMC13212721

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