Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41936003›Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026

Immunohistochemical assessment of vimentin expression and Ki-67 proliferation index in conventional urothelial carcinoma: a study of 60 Egyptian patients.

Heba M K Youssef, Eman Hassan Ibrahim, Abdulkarim Hasan, Abdulhadi Samman, Mohammed S Abdelwahed, Razan A Baloush, Hussain Noorwali, Deema Abu Al-Teen, Mona Zakaria El Bostany, Amira Nasr and 4 more

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Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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14 authors.

Heba M K YoussefPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Eman Hassan IbrahimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. dr.eman@gmu.ac.ae.
Abdulkarim HasanPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. abdulkarim.hasan@azhar.edu.eg.
Abdulhadi SammanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed S AbdelwahedDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Razan A BaloushDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hussain NoorwaliDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Deema Abu Al-TeenDepartment of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
Mona Zakaria El BostanyPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Amira NasrPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mahmoud SamirPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
Essam MandourPathology Department, School of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed RabiePathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Sara Ehab M ShokeryPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUrothelial carcinoma is a common malignancy with a substantial burden, including in Egypt. Although Ki-67 and EMT-related markers such as vimentin have been previously studied, region-specific validation and practical cutoff performance remain relevant.Author names: Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct. We have made the requested corrections. In addition, we would like to change the author order so that Deema Abu Al-Teen is listed as author number 4, and Abdulhadi Samman is moved to author number 8 in her place, with the same affiliation as currently shown related to each author, Samman (Jeddah) and Abu Al-Teen (Amman).

methodsThis cross-sectional study included 60 archival conventional UC cases diagnosed at university hospitals during 2024. Tumors were re-reviewed to confirm grade and stage and categorized as NMIBC or MIBC. Immunohistochemistry was performed for vimentin and Ki-67 (MIB-1). Vimentin was considered positive when ≥ 10% of tumor cells showed convincing cytoplasmic staining. The Ki-67 labeling index was assessed in hotspots by counting ≥ 500 tumor nuclei and categorized as low (< 30%) versus high (≥ 30%) using a predefined pragmatic cutoff. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of high-grade disease.

resultsVimentin positivity was detected in 18/60 cases (30.0%), and high Ki-67 index was present in 37/60 (61.7%). High Ki-67 independently predicted high-grade carcinoma (OR = 5.601, p = 0.009) and was significantly associated with high grade (p = 0.011), non-papillary pattern (p < 0.001), and muscle invasion (p = 0.001), but not lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.405). Vimentin showed no significant associations and was not an independent predictor; Ki-67 and vimentin were not significantly correlated.

conclusionIn this Egyptian cohort, Ki-67 ≥ 30% was strongly associated with adverse pathological features and independently predicted high-grade disease, supporting its use as a practical ancillary marker and providing regional validation of prior reports. Vimentin was not significantly associated with the studied parameters in this dataset. Future studies should assess alternative cutoffs within the same cohort and validate outcome-linked thresholds in longitudinal datasets.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Transitional CellKi-67 AntigenUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsVimentinAdultAgedBiomarkers, TumorCell ProliferationCross-Sectional StudiesEgyptFemaleHumansImmunohistochemistryMaleMiddle AgedNon-Muscle Invasive Bladder NeoplasmsBiomarkers, TumorKi-67 AntigenVimentinBladder cancerImmunohistochemistryKi-67Urothelial carcinomaVimentin

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PMID41936003

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.