Research progress on the interaction between forest carbon sequestration and climate change.

Global climate change represents one of the most critical environmental challenges of the twenty-first century. As a key component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, forest ecosystems play a pivotal role in mitigating global warming. This paper provides a systematic review of the dynamic measurement methods for forest carbon sequestration, examines the interaction mechanisms between forest carbon sequestration and climate change, and studies the feedback mechanism of forest carbon sinks on climate change and regional differences. Results reveal that climate change influences forest carbon sequestration through various pathways, including rising temperatures, shifts in precipitation patterns, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and extreme climatic events. Simultaneously, forest carbon sequestration exerts a significant regulatory impact on the climate system. Future research should endeavour in the following areas: (1) Developing a consistent assessment system for forest carbon sequestration; (2) Quantifying multi-factor interactions; (3) Compound extreme climate events; (4) Make up for the observation shortcomings in key areas. This paper aims to provide references and guidelines for a systematic understanding of forest carbon sequestration and climate change interactions, as well as to promote scientific and technological developments in this field.