Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41935967›Full record

ArticleHIV medicine2026

HIV-1 viral load and reservoir size remain stable following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with HIV.

Oscar Kieri, Bianca B Jütte, Jan Vesterbacka, Soo Aleman, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Marcus Buggert, J Peter Svensson, Anders Sönnerborg, Piotr Nowak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in HIV medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Oscar KieriDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-8107
Bianca B JütteDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jan VesterbackaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Soo AlemanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-4870
Hans-Gustaf LjunggrenDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Marcus BuggertDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0633-1719
J Peter SvenssonDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-6250
Anders SönnerborgDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, CIM - Clinical Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Piotr NowakDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-0734

Funding

Center for Innovative Medicine CIMED FoUI-1002100Karolinska Institutet 2021-00552Stiftelsen Läkare mot AIDS Forskningsfond FOa2022-0001Stiftelsen Läkare mot AIDS Forskningsfond FOa2023-0003Stockholm läns landsting SLL-KI FoUI-995225Vetenskapsrådet 2024-06337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe potent immunogenicity of mRNA vaccination raised concerns about its impact on HIV-1 viral load (VL) and reservoir size in people with HIV, which could drive vaccine hesitancy. As part of a prospective clinical trial, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induced changes in VL and reservoir size after a 1-year three-dose regimen in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

methodsWe collected blood samples from 37 people with HIV with varying degrees of immune reconstitution before vaccination and after receiving their second and third doses of vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibodies and Spike-specific CD4

resultsVaccination with three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine over the course of 1 year did not result in plasma HIV-1 RNA rebound nor significantly alter the HIV-1 reservoir size regardless of immune status. The median intact HIV-1 reservoir size was 53 (IQR 34-193) copies/million CD4

conclusionsOur findings show that three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine did not affect the VL or HIV reservoir size regardless of immune status, supporting their safety in people with HIV. Notably, a higher CD4

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHIV-1HIV InfectionsSARS-CoV-2Viral Load2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273AdultAntibodies, ViralCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective Studies2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesRNA, ViralHIV‐1 reservoirimmunological non‐respondersSARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccinationviral load

Identifiers

PMID41935967
PMCPMC13340954

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.