ArticleScientific reports2026
Predictors of severe immune-related adverse events during first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Toward nursing-integrated biomarker surveillance for immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment but can trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Evidence on clinically meaningful irAEs in first-line ICI settings is limited. Using the SEER-Medicare data (2010–2019), we conducted a population-based retrospective study of adults aged ≥ 66 years with advanced NSCLC initiating first-line nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab. Severe irAEs were defined as immune-related events requiring systemic immunosuppressants and resulting in ICI delay or discontinuation occurring after treatment initiation. Fine-Gray competing risks models were used to identify predictors of irAE, and model performance was evaluated using bootstrap and ten-fold cross-validation. Among 2,729 patients, 14.2% developed severe irAEs (median onset = 1.4 months; IQR = 0.5–4); mostly within 3 months. Common organ systems affected were pulmonary (14.2%), hematologic (14.0%), gastrointestinal (13.4%), and musculoskeletal (13.3%). Higher risk of severe irAEs was associated with pre-existing autoimmune disease (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.17–1.32), chemoimmunotherapy (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.39–3.96), and longer diagnosis-to-treatment interval (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.31–1.60). Lower risks occurred among Black patients (HR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.34–0.92), those with baseline metastasis (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.93), opioid use (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.54–0.87), and with atezolizumab (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.65–0.86) or nivolumab (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87–0.96) vs. pembrolizumab. The prediction model demonstrated good discrimination and calibration (bootstrap-corrected AUC = 0.85; Brier score = 0.14), supporting risk-stratified monitoring in patients receiving ICIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.