Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41935029›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Multiplexed back focal plane imaging with on-chip integrated microlens array.

Magdalena Furman, Marcin Muszyński, Przemysław Oliwa, Łukasz Zinkiewicz, Aleksander Bogucki, Jacek Szczytko, Piotr Wasylczyk, Wojciech Pacuski, Mateusz Król, Barbara Piętka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Magdalena FurmanInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-2274
Marcin MuszyńskiInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7182-9313
Przemysław OliwaInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-5997
Łukasz ZinkiewiczInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Aleksander BoguckiInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-9984
Jacek SzczytkoInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5150-2682
Piotr WasylczykInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-9838
Wojciech PacuskiInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-5278
Mateusz KrólInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-5705
Barbara PiętkaInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. barbara.pietka@fuw.edu.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-2963

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre) 2020/37/B/ST3/01657Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre) 2023/49/N/ST3/03595
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

On-chip optical architectures that enable angle-resolved spectroscopy are essential for advancing photonic platforms towards low-volume, scalable, and cryo-compatible devices. Here, we introduce spatially resolved momentum-space imaging using arrays of 3D-printed microlenses directly integrated onto semiconductor optical microcavities. Each microlens functions as an independent optical element with a high numerical aperture (approx. 0.95), enabling parallel back focal plane imaging across, in our implementation, 64 distinct locations. This approach eliminates the need for bulky microscope objectives while maintaining broad wavevector access, even under cryogenic conditions. We demonstrate its versatility across various cavity systems, including dielectric planar resonators, GaAs-based polariton microcavities, and CdTe platforms supporting nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons. The microlenses not only enhance collection efficiency but also enable tightly focused excitation, yielding an order of magnitude reduction in condensation thresholds compared with conventional setups. Our results establish 3D-printed microlens arrays as a compact, versatile, integrated platform for next-generation angle-resolved spectroscopy in nanophotonics and quantum materials.

Identifiers

PMID41935029
PMCPMC13230820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.