Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41934647›Full record

ArticleCardiorenal medicine2026

Kidney Transplant Outcomes in Patients with and without Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Jan H N Lindeman, Rutger J Ploeg, Edward Sharples, Ian P Alwayn, Frederieke J Bemelman, Stefan P Berger, Maarten H L Christiaans, Cynthia Konijn, Aiko P J de Vries, Jacqueline van de Wetering and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiorenal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jan H N LindemanDepartment of Surgery and Leiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, lindeman@lumc.nl.
Rutger J PloegDepartment of Surgery and Leiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Edward SharplesNuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ian P AlwaynDepartment of Surgery and Leiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Frederieke J BemelmanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Stefan P BergerDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Maarten H L ChristiaansDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cynthia KonijnNederlandse Transplantatie Stichting, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Aiko P J de VriesDepartment of Surgery and Leiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Jacqueline van de WeteringDepartment of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Arjan D van ZuilenDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
James P HunterNuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Dorothea P TouwenDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Law, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Esther BastiaannetEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Alexander F M SchaapherderDepartment of Surgery and Leiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study aimed to estimate the impact of type II diabetes (DM-II) on kidney transplant outcomes and graft utility.

methodsA nationwide, registry-based study compares outcomes for all primary kidney transplantations performed between 2000 and 2022 in the Netherlands in DM-II patients (761 deceased and 364 living donor procedures) with nondiabetic controls.

resultsShort-term (≤90 days) transplant outcomes for living donor procedures were similar for DM-II and nondiabetic controls. Deceased donor transplantations in DM-II patients were associated with an increased incidence of delayed graft function (p < 0.0002), and a doubling of 90-day mortality (HR: 2.19 [95% CI: 1.49-3.23], p < 0.0001). Evaluation of long-term graft survival, with death as competing risk, indicated an equal (sub-distribution hazard rate [sHR] 0.95 [0.74-1.23]), respectively, compromised (sHR 1.91 [1.37-2.65]; p < 0.001) survival for grafts from deceased or living donors. DM-II profoundly impacted recipient survival (HR for death, respectively, 1.63 [1.45-1.82] and 1.81 [1.51-2.17]; p < 0.001) for recipients of a deceased or living donor graft (nondiabetic recipient is reference), with cardiovascular event and infection as dominant causes of death. The compromised recipient survival profoundly impacted the utility of kidney transplantations (p < 0.001).

conclusionsDespite excellent graft survival, the efficacy of kidney transplantations in DM-II patients is compromised by reduced recipient survival. Cause of death distribution suggests a role for immunosuppressive regimens in the excess mortality observed. A shift in focus from optimized transplant to optimized patient survival is warranted for DM-II patients. Moreover, the conflict between increasing incidences of DM-II, a lower transplant utility, but persistent donor organ shortages, calls for development of novel organ allocation strategies.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Kidney Failure, ChronicKidney TransplantationAdultDelayed Graft FunctionFemaleGraft SurvivalHumansLiving DonorsMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsRegistriesTreatment OutcomeGraft utilityKidney transplantationOutcomesSurvivalType II diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41934647
PMCPMC13262995

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.