Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41934421›Full record

Observational studyThe Indian journal of medical research2026

Xerostomia after COVID-19 recovery: A preliminary investigation.

Anika Shakeel, Keya Sircar, Deepika Bablani Popli

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Indian journal of medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anika ShakeelDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, †Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Keya SircarDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, †Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Deepika Bablani PopliDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, †Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and objectives Xerostomia, or dry mouth, was frequently reported during COVID-19 infection, but its persistence after recovery remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and duration of xerostomia following recovery from COVID-19 infection. Methods This observational study included 50 participants who had recovered from COVID-19. They were surveyed using a xerostomia assessment questionnaire and underwent the modified Schirmer test (MST) to measure their salivary flow rate. Results Overall, n=31(62%) of participants reported one or more xerostomia-related symptoms after recovery. "Feeling of dry mouth" (n=22, 44%) was the most common, followed by nocturnal water intake (n=18, 36%), difficulty swallowing dry food (n=7, 14%), and reliance on liquids during swallowing (n=6, 12%). Hyposalivation (MST <15 mm at 3 min) was observed in 10% (n=5) of participants, all of whom were infected during the second wave (Delta variant). A significant association was noted between self-reported dry mouth and MST findings (P=0.029). Symptoms persisted up to 15 months post-recovery. Interpretation and conclusions Xerostomia may persist after COVID-19 recovery, with potential implications for oral health. Early recognition and management are warranted.

Indexed as

COVID-19XerostomiaAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesCOVID-19Long COVIDPost-COVID conditionsXerostomia

Identifiers

PMID41934421
PMCPMC13054164

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.