Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41934179›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

Superior Impact-Resistant Composite Hydrogels Through an Ionic Coupling Strategy.

Hao Zhuo, Quyang Liu, Xinyu Dong, Hongzhi Zheng, Lingyi Hong, Wei Zhai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hao ZhuoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-6878
Quyang LiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Xinyu DongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Hongzhi ZhengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Lingyi HongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Wei ZhaiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-5243

Funding

Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE-T2EP50224-0009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Impact resistance emerges from the coupling of strong load-bearing networks and dynamic interfacial interactions that enable effective stress transfer and energy dissipation. Although hydrogels are promising candidates for impact-resistant soft materials, it remains challenging to reinforce both networks and interfaces simultaneously in hydrogels, which limits their performance under high strain-rate loading. To overcome this limitation, we develop a composite hydrogel comprised of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix reinforced with chitosan-sodium alginate nanofibers (CSNFs), using sodium citrate as a multifunctional ionic coupler that (i) strengthens the PVA matrix via the Hofmeister effect, (ii) reinforces the CSNF network through desolvation and electrostatic crosslinking, and (iii) improves their fiber-matrix interfaces, enabling efficient stress transfer and energy dissipation through the integrated composite network and layered microstructure. The composite hydrogel achieves superior impact resistance relative to high-performance solid polymers, with an impact strength of 426.7 MPa and toughness of 106.4 MJ m

Indexed as

compositehierarchical structurehydrogelimpact resistancenanofiber

Identifiers

PMID41934179
PMCPMC13155279

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.