Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41933970›Full record

ReviewTrends in biotechnology2026

Can nanozymes make the leap to the clinic? Advances, hurdles, and prospects.

Nil K Pandey, Hong Huy Tran, Edward B Steager, David P Cormode, Hyun Koo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nil K PandeyDepartment of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Hong Huy TranBiofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Edward B SteagerBiofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
David P CormodeDepartment of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: david.cormode@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Hyun KooBiofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: koohy@upenn.edu.

Funding

Biofilm Elimination and Caries Prevention using Multifunctional NanocatalystsR01DE025848 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KOO, HYUN · 2017 to 2025
$5.6M
Small Scale Robotics for Automated Dental Biofilm TheranosticsR01DE031491 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KOO, HYUN, STEAGER, EDWARD · 2023 to 2025
$1.9M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE025848NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE031491
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanozymes (enzyme-like catalytic nanomaterials) represent a new generation of artificial enzymes designed to overcome key limitations of their natural counterparts, including high production costs, low stability, and challenging storage requirements. Their versatility spans biosensing, bioimaging, therapeutics, and environmental remediation, attracting widespread interest across disciplines. Recent advances have moved nanozymes beyond benchtop proof of concept, with multiple in vivo studies and early clinical investigations demonstrating their translational potential. However, progress toward the clinic remains constrained by limited mechanistic understanding under physiologically relevant conditions; concerns over safety, biodegradability, and long-term efficacy; and uncertainties in scalable manufacturing, market feasibility, and regulatory approval. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in biomedical nanozymes and identifies key knowledge gaps that must be addressed to accelerate successful clinical translation and commercialization.

Indexed as

EnzymesNanostructuresAnimalsBiosensing TechniquesCatalysisHumansEnzymesbiofilmbiomedical applicationcancercatalytic nanomaterialnanocatalystROS

Identifiers

PMID41933970
PMCPMC13054652

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.