Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41933434›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of developmental psychology2026

Mandarin translation and validation of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 and the Theory of Mind Task Battery for autistic children in Mainland China.

Mi Tian, Rachel H Y Au, Shiyue Cao, Huiming Shi, Cong Xin, Wenyu Xia

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of developmental psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mi TianSchool of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-0305
Rachel H Y AuDepartment of Education and Psychology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Shiyue CaoSchool of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Huiming ShiSchool of Teacher Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Cong XinSchool of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Wenyu XiaSchool of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

Funding

Key Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province 2022SJZD100National Natural Science Foundation of China 32200847Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province BK20220373
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of the study was to translate and culturally adapt two important measures of theory of mind (ToM)-the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (ToMI-2) and the Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToMTB)-into a Mandarin version (the ToMI-2-M and the ToMTB-M). The ToMI-2-M and the ToMTB-M were first developed through translation, expert validation, and a pilot study. Ninety-four autistic children and 43 verbal ability-matched non-autistic children (aged 2.5-8 years) were then tested to evaluate the psychometric properties of the two assessment tools. Both the ToMI-2-M and the ToMTB-M showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was supported by an expert panel. Concurrent validity was supported by the two assessment tools' correlations with other ToM tasks, visual perspective taking, inhibitory control, and autistic characteristics. The discriminative validity was demonstrated by significantly higher scores of non-autistic children than autistic children on these assessment tasks. Age-related changes and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also provided support. The ToMI-2-M and the ToMTB-M showed good psychometric properties and represent useful tools for assessing ToM abilities of autistic children and non-autistic children.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderNeuropsychological TestsPsychometricsTheory of MindChildChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of Resultsautismcaregiverschildrenpsychometric testingtheory of mind

Identifiers

PMID41933434
PMCPMC13451999

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.