Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41933395›Full record

ArticleBiology of sex differences2026

Sex differences for clinical presentations and co-pathologies in four-repeat tauopathies.

Ece Bayram, Danelle J Carter, Sana Aslam, Emily Forbes, Samantha K Holden

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology of sex differences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ece BayramDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, 12631 E 17th Avenue, CO 80045, USA. drecebayram@gmail.com.
Danelle J CarterDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, 12631 E 17th Avenue, CO 80045, USA.
Sana AslamDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, 12631 E 17th Avenue, CO 80045, USA.
Emily ForbesDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, 12631 E 17th Avenue, CO 80045, USA.
Samantha K HoldenDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, 12631 E 17th Avenue, CO 80045, USA.

Funding

Genetic and Neuropathologic Underpinnings of Sex Differences in Lewy Body DementiasR00AG073453 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI ECE BAYRAM · 2024 to 2026
$725k
NIA NIH HHS R00 AG073453NIA NIH HHS R00AG073453University of Colorado Private donation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFour-repeat (4R)-tauopathies cause variable clinical profiles leading to clinical misdiagnosis. While sex differences are reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and clinically-defined frontotemporal dementia (FTD), little is known in 4R-tauopathies.

methodsNational Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data were used for pathologically-defined 4R-tauopathies: progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 175), corticobasal degeneration (CBD, n = 114), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD, n = 230), Other-4R (n = 67). Sex differences for clinical presentation and co-pathologies were assessed adjusting for age and multiple comparisons.

resultsMost common clinical diagnosis was PSP (41%) for PSP; unspecified FTD (36%) for CBD; AD for AGD (57%) and Other-4R groups (48%), without sex differences. Females had less cognitive decline, apathy, motor symptoms; were older at cognitive, behavioral change onset. Males were more likely to demonstrate LBD co-pathology and clinical profile.

conclusionBoth females and males have low clinical diagnostic accuracy for 4R-tauopathies. Females with 4R-tauopathies may experience less severe clinical presentations and less co-pathology.

Indexed as

Sex CharacteristicsTauopathiesAgedFemaleHumansMaleAlzheimer’s diseaseArgyrophilic grain diseaseCorticobasal degenerationDiagnosisFrontotemporal lobar degenerationLewy bodiesProgressive supranuclear palsySexTauopathies

Identifiers

PMID41933395
PMCPMC13169838

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.